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HEALTH EFFECTS|Reproductive Toxicants
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Reproductive Toxicants
Exposure to chemical substances can cause adverse effects on the male and female reproductive systems. Reproductive toxicity may be expressed as alterations in sexual behavior, decreases in fertility, or loss of the fetus during pregnancy. A reproductive toxicant may interfere with the sexual functioning or reproductive ability of exposed individuals from puberty throughout adulthood. Toxicants that target the female reproductive system can cause a wide variety of adverse effects. Changes
in sexual behavior, onset of puberty, cyclicity, fertility, gestation time, pregnancy outcome, and lactation as well as premature menopause are among the potential manifestations of female reproductive toxicity: all can disrupt a womans ability to successfully reproduce. Exposure to lead, for example, can result in menstrual disorders and infertility. The toxicants carbon disulfide, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PBCs) have been shown to cause irregularities in the menstrual cycle. Toxicants that target the male reproductive system can affect sperm count or shape, alter sexual behavior, and/or increase infertility. Carbon disulfide and the pesticides chlordecone (kepone), ethylene dibromide (EDB), and dibromochloropropane (DBCP) are examples of chemicals known to disrupt male reproductive health.
References used to compile the list of Reproductive Toxicants
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Suspected Reproductive Toxicants
Note: For your convenience, these data are also available as a CSV file. Click here to download.
| Chemical Name |
CAS Registry Number (or EDF Substance ID) |
Reference(s) |
| (RS)-2-(3,5-DICHLOROPHENYL)-2-(2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHYL)OXIRANE | 58138-08-2 | JANK |
| 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE | 71-55-6 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE | 75-35-4 | EPA-SARA |
| 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE | 96-18-4 | NTP-R |
| 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE | 107-06-2 | EPA-SARA |
| 1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE | 78-87-5 | FRAZIER |
| 1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIIMINE | 108-78-1 | EPA-SARA |
| 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | 542-75-6 | FRAZIER |
| 1-BROMOPROPANE | 106-94-5 | CERHR, P65-CAND |
| 1-CARBOXY-4-NITROBENZENE | 62-23-7 | NTP-R |
| 1-HYDROXY-2-PHENOXYETHANE | 122-99-6 | NTP-R |
| 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) | 1746-01-6 | OEHHA-CREL |
| 2,3-EPOXY 1-PROPANOL | 556-52-5 | JANK |
| 2,4,5-T | 93-76-5 | HAZMAP, JANK |
| 2,4-D | 94-75-7 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP, JANK |
| 2,4-DIAMINOTOLUENE | 95-80-7 | JANK |
| 2,4-DINITROPHENOL | 51-28-5 | EPA-SARA |
| 2-BROMOPROPANE | 75-26-3 | CERHR |
| 2-BUTOXYETHANOL ACETATE | 112-07-2 | HAZMAP |
| 2-CHLOR-1,3-BUTADIENE | 126-99-8 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| 2-NITROPROPANE | 79-46-9 | EPA-SARA |
| 2-PHENYLPHENOL | 90-43-7 | EPA-SARA |
| 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYL SULFIDE | 139-65-1 | EPA-SARA |
| 4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL | 80-05-7 | JANK, NTP-R |
| 4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE | 100-40-3 | NTP-R |
| 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | 57-97-6 | JANK |
| ACETONITRILE | 75-05-8 | EPA-SARA |
| ACRYLAMIDE | 79-06-1 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, JANK, NTP-R |
| ACRYLONITRILE | 107-13-1 | ATSDR, EPA-SARA |
| AF-2; [2-(2-FURYL)-3-(5-NITRO-2-FURYL)]ACRYLAMIDE | 3688-53-7 | JANK |
| ALDICARB | 116-06-3 | FRAZIER |
| ALDRIN | 309-00-2 | EPA-SARA |
| ALUMINUM | 7429-90-5 | FRAZIER |
| ALUMINUM CHLORIDE | 7446-70-0 | JANK |
| AMMONIA | 7664-41-7 | FRAZIER |
| ANTIMONY | 7440-36-0 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| AROCLOR 1242 | 53469-21-9 | HAZMAP |
| AROCLOR 1254 | 11097-69-1 | HAZMAP |
| ARSENIC | 7440-38-2 | FRAZIER, OEHHA-AREL |
| ARSINE | 7784-42-1 | FRAZIER |
| ATRAZINE | 1912-24-9 | ATSDR, JANK |
| BARIUM | 7440-39-3 | FRAZIER |
| BENZYL BUTYL PHTHALATE | 85-68-7 | CERHR |
| BERYLLIUM | 7440-41-7 | FRAZIER |
| BETA-LINDANE | 319-85-7 | OEHHA-CREL |
| BORIC ACID | 10043-35-3 | FRAZIER, JANK, NTP-R |
| CADMIUM COMPOUNDS | CAE750 | P65-MC |
| CAMPHECHLOR | 8001-35-2 | EPA-SARA |
| CAPTAN | 133-06-2 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| CARBARYL | 63-25-2 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| CARBOFURAN | 1563-66-2 | JANK |
| CARBON DIOXIDE | 124-38-9 | JANK |
| CARBON MONOXIDE | 630-08-0 | FRAZIER, HAZMAP, JANK |
| CARBON TETRACHLORIDE | 56-23-5 | OEHHA-AREL |
| CHLORATE | EDF-204 | FRAZIER |
| CHLORDANE | 57-74-9 | EPA-SARA |
| CHLORDECONE (KEPONE) | 143-50-0 | FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| CHLORHYDRIN | 96-24-2 | JANK |
| CHLORINE DIOXIDE | 10049-04-4 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| CHLORITE | EDF-205 | FRAZIER |
| CHLOROBENZENE | 108-90-7 | EPA-SARA, JANK, OEHHA-CREL |
| CHLOROBENZILATE | 510-15-6 | EPA-SARA |
| CHLOROFORM | 67-66-3 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, OEHHA-AREL |
| CHLOROMETHANE | 74-87-3 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, JANK, P65-PEND |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 2921-88-2 | FRAZIER |
| CHROMIUM | 7440-47-3 | FRAZIER |
| COBALT | 7440-48-4 | FRAZIER |
| COPPER | 7440-50-8 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| CYCLOHEXANOL | 108-93-0 | EPA-TRI |
| CYCLOHEXYLAMINE | 108-91-8 | JANK |
| CYCLONITE | 121-82-4 | ATSDR |
| CYFLUTHRIN | 68359-37-5 | FRAZIER |
| CYPERMETHRIN | 52315-07-8 | FRAZIER |
| DDT (TOTAL) | EDF-229 | P65-MC |
| DEET | 134-62-3 | FRAZIER |
| DI-N-HEXYLPHTHALATE | 84-75-3 | CERHR, NTP-R, P65-CAND |
| DI-N-PENTYL PHTHALATE | 131-18-0 | NTP-R |
| DIALLATE | 2303-16-4 | EPA-SARA |
| DIAZINON | 333-41-5 | FRAZIER |
| DIBENZOFURANS (CHLORINATED) | 1080 | OEHHA-CREL |
| DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | 84-74-2 | EPA-SARA, NTP-R, P65-CAND |
| DICAMBA | 1918-00-9 | FRAZIER |
| DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE | 75-43-4 | KEMI-DAN |
| DICHLOROMETHANE | 75-09-2 | FRAZIER, JANK |
| DICHLORVOS | 62-73-7 | EPA-SARA |
| DIELDRIN | 60-57-1 | JANK |
| DIETHYL PHTHALATE | 84-66-2 | ATSDR |
| DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER | 111-46-6 | NTP-R |
| DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER | 112-34-5 | HAZMAP |
| DIETHYLSTILBESTROL | 56-53-1 | NTP-R |
| DINOCAP | 39300-45-3 | HAZMAP |
| DIPROPYL PHTHALATE | 131-16-8 | NTP-R |
| DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER | 34590-94-8 | HAZMAP |
| ENDRIN | 72-20-8 | JANK |
| ENFLURANE | 13838-16-9 | FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| ERGOCALCIFEROL | 50-14-6 | JANK |
| ETHANOL | 64-17-5 | FRAZIER |
| ETHIDIUM BROMIDE | 1239-45-8 | FRAZIER |
| ETHOXYACETIC ACID | 627-03-2 | NTP-R |
| ETHYL DIPROPYLTHIOCARBAMATE | 759-94-4 | EPA-TRI |
| ETHYL METHANESULFONATE | 62-50-0 | JANK |
| ETHYLBENZENE | 100-41-4 | EPA-SARA |
| ETHYLENE GLYCOL | 107-21-1 | JANK, NTP-R |
| ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER | 111-76-2 | HAZMAP |
| ETHYLENE THIOUREA | 96-45-7 | EPA-SARA |
| ETHYLENEIMINE | 151-56-4 | EPA-SARA |
| FAMCICLOVIR | 104227-87-4 | P65-CAND |
| FELODIPINE | 72509-76-3 | P65-CAND |
| FLUOXETINE | 54910-89-3 | CERHR |
| FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 59333-67-4 | CERHR |
| FLUVASTATIN SODIUM | EDF-004 | P65-CAND |
| FORMALDEHYDE | 50-00-0 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| FORMAMIDE | 75-12-7 | JANK, NTP-R |
| GAMMA-LINDANE | 58-89-9 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, JANK |
| GLUTARALDHYDE | 111-30-8 | FRAZIER |
| GLYCIDYL ETHERS | EDF-509 | FRAZIER |
| GLYCOL ETHERS | EDF-109 | HAZMAP, P65-MC |
| GLYPHOSATE | 1071-83-6 | FRAZIER |
| GOSSYPOL | 303-45-7 | JANK |
| GOSSYPOL ACETIC ACID | 12542-36-8 | JANK |
| HALOTHANE | 151-67-7 | FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| HEAVY METALS | EDF-380 | P65-MC |
| HEPTACHLOR | 76-44-8 | EPA-SARA |
| HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE | 87-68-3 | EPA-SARA |
| HEXACHLOROBENZENE | 118-74-1 | ATSDR, EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE | 77-47-4 | EPA-SARA |
| HEXACHLOROETHANE | 67-72-1 | EPA-SARA |
| HEXAFLUOROACETONE | 684-16-2 | HAZMAP |
| HYDRAZINE | 302-01-2 | FRAZIER |
| HYDROFLUORIC ACID | 7664-39-3 | EPA-SARA |
| HYDROGEN CYANIDE | 74-90-8 | FRAZIER |
| HYDROGEN SULFIDE | 7783-06-4 | FRAZIER |
| HYDROQUINONE | 123-31-9 | FRAZIER |
| INDIUM | 7440-74-6 | FRAZIER |
| IRON | 7439-89-6 | FRAZIER |
| ISOCYANATES | 1125 | FRAZIER |
| ISOPROPOXYETHANOL | 109-59-1 | HAZMAP |
| M-NITROBENZOIC ACID | 121-92-6 | NTP-R |
| MALATHION | 121-75-5 | FRAZIER |
| MANEB | 12427-38-2 | EPA-SARA |
| MANGANESE | 7439-96-5 | EPA-HEN, EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| MANGANESE COMPOUNDS | MAR500 | EPA-HEN |
| MANGANESE TETROXIDE | 1317-35-7 | HAZMAP |
| MECHLORETHAMINE | 51-75-2 | EPA-SARA |
| MERCURY | 7439-97-6 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP, OEHHA-AREL |
| METALS | EDF-035 | P65-MC |
| METHOXYCHLOR | 72-43-5 | ATSDR, EPA-HEN, EPA-SARA, JANK |
| METHOXYFLURANE | 76-38-0 | HAZMAP |
| METHYL BROMIDE | 74-83-9 | FRAZIER |
| METHYL ETHYL KETONE | 78-93-3 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| METHYL ISOCYANATE | 624-83-9 | EPA-HEN, EPA-SARA, OEHHA-CREL |
| METHYL METHACRYLATE | 80-62-6 | EPA-SARA |
| METHYL METHANESULFONATE | 66-27-3 | JANK |
| METHYOXYACETIC ACID | 625-45-6 | NTP-R |
| MOLINATE | 2212-67-1 | EPA-TRI |
| MOLYBDENUM | 7439-98-7 | FRAZIER |
| MUSTARD GAS | 505-60-2 | JANK |
| N,N'-METHYLENEBISACRYLAMIDE | 110-26-9 | NTP-R |
| N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE | 68-12-2 | FRAZIER, NTP-R |
| N-ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA | 759-73-9 | EPA-SARA |
| N-HEXANE | 110-54-3 | FRAZIER |
| N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE | 872-50-4 | EPA-TRI, FRAZIER, P65-PEND |
| N-METHYLOLACRYLAMIDE | 924-42-5 | NTP-R |
| N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE | 55-18-5 | EPA-SARA |
| NALED | 300-76-5 | EPA-TRI |
| NICKEL | 7440-02-0 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, JANK |
| NICKEL (II) CHLORIDE | 37211-05-5 | JANK |
| NICKEL CARBONYL | 13463-39-3 | JANK |
| NICKEL COMPOUNDS | NDB000 | JANK |
| NITRATE | 14797-55-8 | FRAZIER |
| NITRITE | 14797-65-0 | FRAZIER |
| NITROBENZENE | 98-95-3 | EPA-SARA |
| NITROFEN | 1836-75-5 | EPA-SARA |
| NITROFURAZONE | 59-87-0 | JANK, NTP-R |
| NITROGEN DIOXIDE | 10102-44-0 | JANK |
| NITROUS OXIDE | 10024-97-2 | FRAZIER |
| O-XYLENE | 95-47-6 | EPA-SARA |
| OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE | 2234-13-1 | EPA-SARA |
| ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES | EDF-175 | P65-MC |
| ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES | EDF-163 | P65-MC |
| OXALIC ACID | 144-62-7 | NTP-R |
| P-XYLENE | 106-42-3 | EPA-SARA |
| PARAQUAT | 1910-42-5 | FRAZIER |
| PARATHION | 56-38-2 | EPA-SARA |
| PENTACHLOROPHENOL | 87-86-5 | ATSDR, EPA-SARA |
| PENTAMIDINE | 140-64-7 | FRAZIER |
| PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM | 57-33-0 | EPA-TRI |
| PERMETHRIN | 52645-53-1 | FRAZIER |
| PHENOL | 108-95-2 | FRAZIER, P65-CAND |
| PHENOLPHTHALEIN | 77-09-8 | NTP-R |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | 7723-14-0 | ATSDR, EPA-SARA, OEHHA-CREL |
| PHTHALATES | EDF-150 | FRAZIER, P65-MC |
| PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE | 51-03-6 | JANK |
| PLUTONIUM | 7440-07-5 | HAZMAP |
| PM 10 | EDF-077 | P65-MC |
| PM 2.5 | EDF-213 | P65-MC |
| POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS | PJL335 | FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 1336-36-3 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS | 65996-93-2 | FRAZIER |
| PROPANTHELINE BROMIDE | 50-34-0 | NTP-R |
| PROPOXUR | 114-26-1 | JANK |
| PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER | 107-98-2 | HAZMAP |
| PROPYLENE OXIDE | 75-56-9 | EPA-SARA |
| QUINTOZENE | 82-68-8 | EPA-SARA |
| SACCHARIN | 81-07-2 | EPA-SARA |
| SAFROLE | 94-59-7 | EPA-SARA |
| SELENIUM | 7782-49-2 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS | SBP500 | HAZMAP |
| SODIUM AZIDE | 26628-22-8 | FRAZIER |
| SODIUM CYANIDE | 143-33-9 | ATSDR |
| STYRENE | 100-42-5 | FRAZIER |
| STYRENE OXIDE | 96-09-3 | EPA-SARA |
| SULFAMETHAZINE | 57-68-1 | NTP-R |
| TELLURIUM | 13494-80-9 | FRAZIER |
| TETRACHLOROETHYLENE | 127-18-4 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, JANK |
| THALLIUM | 7440-28-0 | FRAZIER |
| THEOBROMINE | 83-67-0 | NTP-R |
| THEOPHYLLINE | 58-55-9 | NTP-R |
| THIOUREA | 62-56-6 | EPA-SARA |
| TIN | 7440-31-5 | FRAZIER |
| TITANIUM DIOXIDE | 13463-67-7 | FRAZIER |
| TOLUENE | 108-88-3 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| TRIAZIQUONE | 68-76-8 | EPA-SARA |
| TRICHLORFON | 52-68-6 | EPA-SARA |
| TRICHLOROETHYLENE | 79-01-6 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER |
| TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE | 1330-78-5 | NTP-R |
| TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER | 112-49-2 | NTP-R |
| TRIETHYLENEMELAMINE | 51-18-3 | JANK |
| TRIFLURALIN | 1582-09-8 | EPA-SARA |
| TRIMETHYL PHOSPHATE | 512-56-1 | JANK |
| TRIORTHOCRESYL PHOSPATE | 78-30-8 | NTP-R |
| TRIPHENYLTIN CHLORIDE | 639-58-7 | EPA-TRI |
| TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE | 126-72-7 | EPA-SARA |
| TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE | 115-96-8 | NTP-R |
| TUNGSTEN METAL | 7440-33-7 | FRAZIER |
| URANIUM | 7440-61-1 | FRAZIER |
| VANADIUM OXIDE (5) | 1314-62-1 | FRAZIER |
| VINYL CHLORIDE | 75-01-4 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| VISIBILITY REDUCING PARTICULATES | EDF-214 | P65-MC |
| VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS | EDF-111 | P65-MC |
| WINTERGREEN OIL | 119-36-8 | NTP-R |
| WOOD PRESERVATIVES (CONTAINING ARSENIC & CHROMATE) | 1206 | P65-MC |
| XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | 1330-20-7 | EPA-SARA, FRAZIER, HAZMAP |
| ZEARALENONE | 17924-92-4 | P65-PEND |
| ZINC | 7440-66-6 | EPA-SARA |
| ZINC CHLORIDE FUME | 7646-85-7 | FRAZIER |
| ZINC OXIDE | 1314-13-2 | FRAZIER |
| ZINEB | 12122-67-7 | EPA-SARA |
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